Pediatric & Adolescent Use of GLP-1 Therapy

Introduction

The growing prevalence of obesity and Type 2 diabetes among youth has prompted interest in extending GLP-1 therapies—originally approved for adults—into pediatric populations. While still relatively new in this age group, research and regulatory approvals are rapidly evolving to reflect these needs.

Why Pediatric Use Is Being Explored

  • Childhood obesity has tripled over the past four decades in the United States.
  • Early-onset Type 2 diabetes is increasing, with more aggressive disease progression than adult-onset cases.
  • Standard lifestyle interventions (diet, physical activity) may not always be enough to reverse these conditions in youth.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists offer a pharmacological option to support behavior change, appetite regulation, and metabolic improvement.

FDA Approvals and Age Considerations

  • Liraglutide (Saxenda): Approved for chronic weight management in adolescents aged 12–17 with obesity.
  • Semaglutide (Wegovy): Approved in 2022 for adolescents 12 and older for chronic weight management.
  • Exenatide: May be used in pediatric Type 2 diabetes as young as 10 years of age in specific clinical scenarios.

Special Considerations for Youth

  • Younger individuals may respond differently to medications due to metabolic, hormonal, and developmental factors.
  • Close monitoring for side effects, growth parameters, and nutritional adequacy is essential.
  • Psychological support and family involvement are crucial for long-term success.

What Will Be Covered in This Section

  1. Overview of GLP-1 therapy in children and adolescents
  2. Use of GLP-1 medications for adolescent obesity (ages 12–17)
  3. Use of GLP-1s in pediatric Type 2 diabetes (ages 10+)
  4. Research and safety data in younger populations
  5. The importance of family and lifestyle integration

References

  1. Kelly AS et al. “Pharmacologic Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: A Review.” JAMA. 2022.
  2. Daniels SR et al. “The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Pediatric Obesity.” Pediatrics. 2023.
  3. FDA. “Approval of Wegovy for Adolescent Use.” Press Release, 2022.
  4. CDC. “Childhood Obesity Facts.” Updated 2024.