Managing Side Effects via Diet

Introduction

GLP-1 receptor agonists can cause gastrointestinal side effects as your body adjusts to slower digestion and reduced appetite. Fortunately, specific dietary changes can ease discomfort and support a smoother transition.

Common Side Effects Addressed by Diet

  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Bloating and gas
  • Loss of appetite
  • Heartburn or reflux

Tips for Managing Nausea

  • Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
  • Choose bland, low-fat foods such as toast, crackers, rice, applesauce, or bananas.
  • Avoid greasy, spicy, or very sweet foods early in treatment.
  • Stay upright after eating—avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes.
  • Ginger tea, peppermint, or lemon water may soothe mild nausea naturally.

Tips for Relieving Constipation

  • Increase fiber intake gradually: include oats, chia seeds, leafy greens, beans, and whole grains.
  • Stay hydrated—aim for at least 8–10 cups of water per day.
  • Consider adding a magnesium citrate or fiber supplement with guidance from your provider.
  • Move your body: regular walking or gentle stretching can stimulate digestion.

Managing Bloating & Gas

  • Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly to reduce swallowed air.
  • Avoid carbonated beverages, gum, and high-fat meals.
  • Limit foods known to cause gas such as cabbage, beans, and artificial sweeteners.

Boosting Appetite Strategically

  • Start meals with protein and vegetables to ensure nutritional intake when eating less overall.
  • Use smoothies with added protein and healthy fats if whole meals are difficult to eat.
  • Set meal reminders to avoid skipping meals unintentionally.

Tips for Reducing Heartburn

  • Avoid high-fat and fried foods that delay stomach emptying.
  • Eat at least 2–3 hours before bedtime.
  • Limit caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, and acidic foods like citrus or tomato.
  • Raise the head of your bed slightly if you experience nighttime reflux.

When to Seek Medical Advice

  • If nausea or vomiting persists beyond several weeks.
  • If bowel movements are absent for more than 3 days despite fiber and hydration.
  • If you experience severe abdominal pain or signs of dehydration.

References

  1. American Gastroenterological Association. “Nutrition and Digestive Health: Managing GI Side Effects.” 2023.
  2. Mayo Clinic. “GLP-1 Medication: What to Expect and How to Cope with Side Effects.” 2024.
  3. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. “Hydration and Digestive Health.” Updated 2023.
  4. Kushner RF et al. “Gastrointestinal Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Practical Management.” Obesity. 2022.